Latin as it Appears on State Struck Roman Coins
This list deals with the explanation of single Latin words and abbreviations (abbrev.) as you can find on the obverse (front) and reverse (back, flipside) of roman coins.
I may have missed some terms. The Romans struck millions of coins. And then I am only
talking state-wise. So I may have missed some terms. Legenda of 'provincials'
are NOT included in this list. Succes ! |
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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III VIR AAA FF
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Triumviri Auro, Argento, Aeri, Flando, Feriundo
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The Roman Moneyers (Mint Magistrates) were
responsible for the minting of gold, silver and bronze coinage. They were
known as the Triumviri Monetales (or Triumviri Auro, Argento, Aeri,
Flando, Feriundo shortened into III VIR. AAA FF) meaning 'one of three men
for the striking and casting of gold, silver and bronze'. The title occurs rarely on Republic coins but frequently those of
Augustus.
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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A
|
Aulus
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a name
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ABOLITA
|
Abolita
|
abolished
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Reliqua Vetera H S
Novies Mill Abolita (nine times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts
cancelled)
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ABVNDANTIA
|
Abundantia
|
abundance, plenty
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Abundantia
Augustus (the abundance thanks to / as provided by our augustus)
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ACHAEA |
Achaea |
achaea (greece) |
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AD
|
Adiabenus
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a roman province
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Arabia Adiabenus
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ADIAB
|
Adiabenicus
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honorary
victory title of derived of Arabia Adiabenus
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ADVENT
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Adventuri
|
return/arrival of
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Felix Advent Augg NN
(Happy Arrival of Both our Emperors)
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ADVENTVRI
|
Adventuri
|
return /
arrival of
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Adventuri Aug Felicissimo (Felicitations
upon the Arrival of the Emperor)
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AEGYPTO
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Aegypto
|
a roman province (Egypt;
which was property of the emperor and not senate’s control)
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AEQVIT
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Aequitas
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justice, fairness
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(Concordia Aequitas) harmony of justice
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AEQVITAS
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Aequitas
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justice, fairness
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(Concordia Aequitas) harmony of justice
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AETER
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Aeternae
|
eternal peace
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Pax Aeternae (eternal peace)
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AETERN
|
Aeternae
|
eternal peace
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Pax Aeternae (eternal peace)
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AETERNAE
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Aeternae
|
eternal
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Romae Aeternae (eternal
rome)
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AETERNITAS
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Aeternitas
|
eternity
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AFRICAE
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Africae
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africa
(north-)
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Restitutor Africae (restorer/rebuilder of Africa)
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AN
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Anno
|
year (usually followed by a
number, typically appears on provincials to celebrate the anniversary of
the founding)
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ANNONA
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Annona
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ANTONINI
|
Antonini
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the antonines
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Victor
Antonini Aug (Victory for/of the Antonines - i.e. Elegabal)
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APP
|
Appius
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a name |
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APOLL
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Apollo
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apollo
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Apollo Salutari (Apollo
the Beneficial)
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APOLLO
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Apollo
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apollo
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Apollo Salutari (Holy Apollo)
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APOLLONI
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Apolloni
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apollo
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Apolloni Sancto (Holy Apollo)
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AR
|
Arabia
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a roman province
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Arabia Adiabenus
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ARAB
|
Arabicus
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honorary
victory title of derived of Arabia Adiabenus
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ARM
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Armenicus |
honorary
victory title of derived of Armenia
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ARTIS
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Artis
|
(the) arts
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Regi
Artis (king of the arts)
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AVG
|
Augustus
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exalted (became the synonym
for ‘emperor’ after Octavian died)
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AVGG
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Augustii
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plural for Augustus : 2
Augustus’s reigning
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In the 3rd
century this can mean "of the emperor and the Caesar(s)" or "of the
emperor and the empress" as well as "of the (two) emperors".
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AVGGG
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Augustii
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plural for Augustus : 3
Augustus’s reigning
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In the 3rd
century this can mean "of the emperor and the Caesar(s)" or "of the
emperor and the empress" as well as "of the (two) emperors".
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AVGVSTAE
|
Augustae
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empress, wife of the
augustus
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Fecvnd
Augustae (Fertility of the Empress)
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AVGVSTI
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Augustii
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plural for Augustus
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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BEATA
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Beata
|
blessed
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Beata Tranquillitas (blessed
tranquility)
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BONO
|
Bono
|
good
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Bono Genio Pii Imperatoris (the
good and pious genius of the emperors)
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BONVS
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Bonvs
|
good
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Bonvs
Eventus (good
events)
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BOSTRA
|
Bostra
|
the
colony/city of Bostra
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BRIT
|
Brittanicus
|
defeater of the brittons
(title awarded for a victory)
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BRITT
|
Brittanicus
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defeater of the brittons
(title awarded for a victory)
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BYTHINAE |
Bythinae |
Bythinia |
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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C
|
Caius |
a name |
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C
|
Caesar
|
ruler / prince (once a
family name, after the death of Julius it became a title. later in the 4th
cent. it signified the 2nd in command)
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C
|
Consul
|
when followed by a numeral
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CAE
|
Caesar
|
ruler / prince (see ‘c’)
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CAES
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Caesar
|
ruler / prince (see ‘c’)
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CAESARES
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Caesares
|
caesars (plural, indicating
more of ‘em at the time of coining)
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CAESS
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Caesares
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caesars (plural, indicating
more of ‘em at the time of coining)
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CAPTA
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Capta
|
captured (celebrating roman
(re-)acquiring a territory)
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Iudea
Capta (judea captured)
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CAPTO
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Capto
|
captured (celebrating roman
(re-)acquiring a territory)
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CARTH
|
Carthago
|
cartage
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Indulgentia Augg in Carth (indulgence of the emperors to cartage)
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CEN
|
Censor
|
censor (the censor had the
power to rule who was entitled to be a roman senator)
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Cens P. or Cens Perp (censor
perpetuus)
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CENS
|
Censor
|
censor (the censor had the
power to rule who was entitled to be a roman senator)
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Cens P. or Cens Perp (censor
perpetuus)
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CERERI
|
Cereri
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Ceres
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Cereri Frugifer(a) (fruitful
ceres)
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CIVES
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Cives
|
citizens, roman citizen
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Ex SC Ob Cives Servatos (senatorial
decree for having saved the lives of citizens)
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CLARITAS
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Claritas
|
brightness
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Claritas Reipublicae
(brightness of the republic)
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CLEMENTIA
|
Clementia
|
clemency
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Clementia
Aug (clemency of the augustus)
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CLVSIT
|
Clusit
|
closed
|
Pace Pr Ubiq Porta Ianum
Clusit (peace for the roman people
everywhere, the doors of janus are closed (indicating peace))
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CN
|
Cnaeus |
a name |
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COELESTIS
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Celestis
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heavenly
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Venus Celestis
(heavenly venus)
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COL
|
Colonia
|
colony
or newly founded city (refers to a colony (city), may be followed by the
colony name)
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Colonia Bostra (city of bostra (arabia))
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COLONIA
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Colonia
|
colony or newly founded city
(refers to a colony (city), may be followed by the colony name)
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Colonia Bostra (city of bostra (arabia))
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COMITI
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Comiti
|
companion
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Comiti Augg NN (retinue
of the emperors)
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CONCO
|
Concordia
|
harmony of or harmony
between
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Concordia Augg (harmony between the emperors)
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CONCORD
|
Concordia
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harmony of or harmony
between
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Concordia Augg (harmony between the emperors)
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CONCORDIA
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Concordia
|
goddess of concord or peace
within the empire
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CONS
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Consul
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consul (annually renewable
job: standard form is COS)
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CONSECRATIO
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Consecratio
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consecrated,
making sacred, deified
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CONSENSVS
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Consensus
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consent, or by agreement of
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Consensus Exercituum ( by the consent of the armies)
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CONSERV
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Conservator
|
conserver,
keeper
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Conserv Urb Suae (conserver of
his city (rome))
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CONSERVATORI
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Conservatori
|
the protector (jupiter is seen as the protector)
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Iovi Conservatori (jupiter
the protector)
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CONSTANTINII
|
Constantini
|
the constantine family
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Victoria Constantini Aug (victory
for/of the constantine augustii)
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COS
|
Consul
|
consul (annually renewable job : a numeral for
the number of consulships served)
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CS
|
Cives Servatos
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civic service, appears in
context with OB
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CVM
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Cum
|
with
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Pax Fundata Cum Peris (well
founded peace with the persians)
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CVSTOS
|
Custos
|
the
custodian
|
Juppitor Custos
(jupiter the custodian)
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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D
|
Decimus |
a name |
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DAC
|
Dacicus
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defeater of the
dacians (title awarded for a victory)
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DACIA
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Dacia
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a roman province
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DD
|
Decretio Decurionum
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issue'd by decurionial decree
(= city
magistrates) |
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DD
|
Dominorum
|
lord
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Victoriae Dominorum Augustorum Que Nostrum
(victories of our lords and emperors)
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DECENNALES
|
Decennales
|
(every) ten years
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Primi
Decennales (the first ten years)
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DECENNALIBVS
|
Decennalibus
|
the tenth year, festival
held every 10th year
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Votis Decennalibus (vows of the 10th year)
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DEO
|
Deo Vulcano
|
(the)
god
|
Deo Vulcano
(the god Vulcan)
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DEO
|
Deo
|
god
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Sanct Deo Soli Elagabal (holy sun-god elagabalus)
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DEOR
|
Deorum
|
of the gods
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ProvidentiaDeorum (foresight of the gods)
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DEORVM
|
Deorum
|
of the gods
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ProvidentiaDeorum (foresight of the gods)
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DES
|
Designati
|
appointed (antoninus pius
has used COS DES II saying he was designated to serve his 2nd
consulship but the coin was already struck before that date)
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Cos Des II
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DESIG
|
Designati
|
appointed (antoninus pius
has used COS DES II saying he was designated to serve his 2nd
consulship but the coin was already struck before that date)
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Cos Des II
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DEVICTA
|
Devicta
|
conquered
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Sarmatia Devicta
(sarmatia is conquered)
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DIANA
|
Diana
|
diana (goddess)
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Diana Lucifera (Diana the bringer of light)
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DIS
|
Dis
|
god
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Dis Genitalibus
(God of Proceation, God of Childbirth)
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DIV
|
Div -a -i -o
|
god / deified
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DIVA
|
Diva
|
god / deified
(female)
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DIVI
|
Divi
|
god / deified
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DIVO
|
Divo
|
god / deified
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DIVVS
|
Divus
|
the Deified, the Divine (the
named person has been given the status of god, usually requires the person
to be dead and so appears on posthumous issues)
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Divus Augustus (Diefied Augustus)
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DN
|
Dominus Noster
|
our lord (in 4th
cent used instead of IMP)
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DN Caes (our lord, caesar)
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DOMINO
|
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lord
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Domino Nostro Caess (our lords, caesars)
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DV
|
Divus
|
divine / deified
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Divus Augustus (Diefied Augustus)
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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ELAGABAL
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elagabalus (short lived
boy-emperor)
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Sanct Deo Soli Elagabal (holy sun-god elagabalus)
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ERCVLI
|
Erculi
|
Hercules (a roman god)
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Erculi Victori (hercules the victor)
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ERIS
|
Eris
|
to be (a.o. also : master,
lady of the house, hedgehog)
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Hoc Signo Victor Eris (by this sign shalt conquer)
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ET
|
Et
|
and
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Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
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EVENTVS
|
Eventvs
|
events / happenings
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Bonus
Eventus (Good
Events)
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EX
|
Ex
|
by reason of, because of
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Ex SC Ob Cives Servatos (senatorial
decree for having saved the lives of citizens)
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EXERC
|
Exercitum
|
(of the) army
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Fides Exerc (loyalty of the army)
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EXERCITI
|
Exerciti
|
training (i.e. the army)
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EXERCITVM
|
Exercitum
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(of the) army
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Concordia Exercitum (harmony of the army)
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EXERCITVS
|
Exercitus
|
(of the) armies
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Concordia Exercitus (harmony of/between the armies)
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EXERCITVVM
|
Exercituum
|
of
the army
|
Consenus
Exercituum (by consent of the armies)
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EXSVP
|
Exsupero
|
excel (‘s in all things)
|
Iovi Exsup (Jupiter who excels in al things)
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Abbreviation
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In Full
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Explain !
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As In
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F
|
Felix
|
successful, favorable, lucky, happy (also together
with P (pius))
|
PF (pious and successful)
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F
|
Femina
|
woman
(mostly noble)
|
Nobilissima Femina
((most) noble woman)
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F
|
Filius
|
son of
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FARIA
|
Faria
|
Pharos, in front of Alexandria, Egypt
|
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FATIS
|
Fatis
|
the fates (The Parcae,
individually Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos, were the daughters of Erebus
(Night). The Romans generally referred to them as Fata, or Fate, and
together they were responsible for human destiny - the first held the
distaff from which the thread of life was woven, the second spun it to the
appropriate length, the third cut it at the appointed time.)
|
Fatis Victricibus (The
victorious Fates)
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FAVTR
|
Fautor
|
the patron
|
Miner Fautr (minerva the patron (of the arts and sciences))
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FECVND
|
Fecundus
|
fertility
|
Fecund
Augustae (Fertility of the Empress)
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FECVNDITAS
|
Fecunditas
|
fertility
|
Fecunditas
Augustae (Fertility of the Empress)
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FEL
|
Felicium
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
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Fel Temp Reparatio (happy times are restored)
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FEL
|
Felix
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
|
PF (pious and
happy)
|
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FEL
|
Felicitas
|
happy age
(era)
|
Saeculi Felicitas (happy age)
|
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FELICIS
|
Felicis
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
|
Fel Temp Reparatio (happy times are restored)
|
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FELICISSIMO
|
Felicissimo
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
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FELICITAS
|
Felicitas
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
|
Felicitas
Aug(g) NN (happiness of our emperor(s))
|
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FELIX
|
Felix
|
happy (i.e. "happy because I have been lucky
and most successful"). Also together
with P (pius)
|
PF (pious and
happy), Iuno Felix (juno, the
happy)
|
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FIDES
|
Fides
|
loyalty
|
Fides Exerc (fidelity (loyalty) of the soldiers or army), Fides
Militum Augg NN (loyalty of the army to our emperors), Fides
Mutua Augustii (mutual
faith of the emperors)
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FIL
|
Filius / Filia
|
son of / daughter of
|
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FORTVNA
|
Fortuna
|
fortunate / lucky OR
the goddess
of good fortune
|
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FORTVNAE
|
Fortunae
|
fortunate
|
Fortunae Reduci Augg NN (fortunate return of our emperors)
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FRVGIF
|
Frugifera
|
fruit bearing / fruitful
|
Cereri Frugif (fruitful
ceres)
|
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FRVGIFERO
|
Frugfero
|
fruitful
|
Saeculo Frugfero
(the fruitful age)
|
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FVNDAT
|
Fundata
|
well
established / well founded
|
Laetitia Fundata
(well founded rejoicing)
|
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FVNDATA
|
Fundata
|
well
established / well founded
|
Pax Fundata Cum Peris (well
founded peace with the persians)
|
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FVNDATOR
|
Fundator
|
founder /
groundlayer
|
Fundator
Pacis (founder of the peace)
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Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
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G
|
Germanicus
|
defeater of the germans (title awarded for a victory)
|
|
|
GALLIAE |
Galliae |
gallia (france) |
Restitutor Galliae (restorer, rebuilder
of gallia) |
|
GEN
|
Generis
|
giving birth to, begetting,
family
|
Salus Generis Humani
(welfare of all mankind)
|
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GENETRIX
|
Genetrix
|
mother also
ancestress
|
Venus
Genetrix (venus the mother)
|
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GENIO
|
Genio
|
genius (a god. protector / guiding spirit. protector
of people and their household. in imperial context refers to the defender
of the empire as a whole)
|
Genio Antiocheni (genius / guardian of
antioch)
|
|
GENIVS |
Genius |
genius (a god or protecting spirit) |
Genius Senatus (the genius of the
senate) |
|
GENITALIBVS
|
Genitalibus
|
procreation, connected with
birth
|
Dis Genitalibus
(god of proceation, god of childbirth)
|
|
GERM
|
Germanicus
|
defeater of the germans (title awarded for a victory)
|
|
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GERMAN
|
Germanicus
|
defeater of the germans
(title awarded for a victory)
|
|
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GERMANIA
|
Germania
|
a roman province
|
|
|
GLORIA
|
Gloria
|
(the) glory (of)
|
Gloria Exercitus (glory of the army)
|
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Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
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HERCV
|
Herculi
|
hercules (roman half god
(born as man, elevated to godhood at dying))
|
Iov et Hercu Conserv Augg (Jupiter and Hercules protecting the Augustii)
|
|
HERCVLI
|
Herculi
|
hercules (roman half god
(born as man, elevated to godhood at dying))
|
Iov et Hercu Conserv Augg (Jupiter and Hercules protecting the Augustii)
|
|
HERCVLI
|
Herculi
|
hercules (roman half god
(born as man, elevated to godhood at dying))
|
Herculi Victori (hercules
the victor)
|
|
HILARITAS
|
Hilaritas
|
mirth
/ joy
|
Hilaritas Augustii (mirth or joy of our emperor (or emperors))
|
|
HISP
|
Hispania
|
hispaniae (spain)
|
|
|
HISPANIAE
|
Hispania
|
hispaniae (spain)
|
|
|
HOC
|
Hoc
|
by this sign shalt thou be
the victor (or, shalt thou conquer)
|
Hoc Signo Victor Eris (by this sign shalt conquer)
|
|
HONOS
|
Honos
|
honor
|
Honos et
Virtus (honor and virtue)
|
|
HS
|
Sesterce
|
standard abbreviation for
sesterce
|
Reliqua Vetera H S Novies Mill Abolita
(nine times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts cancelled)
|
|
HVM
|
Humani
|
humans
|
Salus Generis Humani
(wellfare of all mankind)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
IANVM
|
Ianum
|
janus (a roman god)
|
Pace Pr Ubiq Porta Ianum
Clusit (peace for the roman people
everywhere, the doors of janus are closed (indicating peace))
|
|
IMP
|
Imperator
|
originally something like ‘victor' or 'general / commander-in-chief’. The
title
was awarded when someone (or the emperor) had an important victory. At
first not always automatically awarded when one became emperor.
|
|
|
IMPER
|
Imperator
|
originally
something like ‘victor' or 'general / commander-in-chief’. The title
was awarded when someone (or the emperor) had an important victory. At
first not always automatically awarded when one became emperor.
|
|
|
IMPERATOR
|
Imperator
|
originally
something like ‘victor' or 'general / commander-in-chief’. The title
was awarded when someone (or the emperor) had an important victory. At
first not always automatically awarded when one became emperor.
|
|
|
IMPERATORIS
|
Imperatoris
|
of the emperor
|
|
|
IMPERII
|
Imperii
|
empire
|
Securit Imperii (security of the empire)
|
|
INDVLGENTIA
|
Indulgentia
|
indulgence
|
Indulgentia Augg in Carth (indulgence of the emperors to carthage)
|
|
INV
|
Invictus
|
invincible
|
Sol Invictus (the invincible sun (the sun is a god here)
|
|
INVICTA
|
Invicta
|
unconquered / -able
|
Roma Invicta (Rome
the unconquerable)
|
|
INVICTO
|
Invicto
|
unconquerable,
invincible
|
Soli Invicti Comiti (to the unconquerable sun, our companion)
|
|
INVICTVS
|
Invictus
|
unconquerable,
invincible
|
Sol
Invictus (the unconquerable sun)
|
|
ISIS
|
Isis
|
isis (originally an egytian
goddess)
|
Isis Faria (isis, protectress of the island of pharos)
|
|
ITER
|
Iterum
|
for the second time (literal
translation is "again”)
|
TR P Iter (tribune for the second time)
|
Return To Top
|
IOV
|
Iovi
|
jupiter
|
Iov et Hercu Conserv Augg (Jupiter and Hercules protecting the Augustii)
|
|
IOVI
|
Iovi
|
jupiter
|
Iovi Conservatori (Jupiter the protector)
|
|
IVDAEA
|
Judea
|
a roman province (judea,
modern day israel)
|
|
|
IVL
|
|
julius, or julia
|
|
|
IVN
|
Iunior
|
‘the younger’ (as
opposed to ie the ruling augustus
|
Iun
Nobilitas Caesar (the younger lord caesar)
|
|
IVNO
|
Juno
|
juno
|
Iuno Felix (happy juno)
|
|
IVPPITOR
|
Juppitor
|
jupiter the custodian
|
Juppitor Custos
(jupiter the custodian)
|
|
IVSSV
|
Jussus
|
by
order of
|
|
|
IVSTITIA
|
Justitia
|
justice
|
|
|
IVVENT
|
Juvent
|
helping, pleasing, assisting
|
|
|
IVVENT
|
Juventus
|
‘youth’
|
|
|
IVVENTVS
|
Juventus
|
the young
|
Juventus Augustus (the
young augustus)
|
|
IVVENTVTIS
|
Juventutis
|
‘youth’
|
Princeps Juventutis (Prince of the Youth)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
KA
|
21
|
coin with an alloy of one
part silver to 20 parts copper
|
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
L
|
Lucius |
a name |
|
|
LAETAE
|
|
joyous
|
Victoriae Laetae Princ(ipis) Perp(etui) (to the joyous victory of our leader forever)
|
|
LAETIT
|
Laetitia
|
rejoicing
|
Laetitia Fundata
(well founded rejoicing)
|
|
LAETITIA
|
Laetitia
|
rejoicing
|
Laetitia Fundata
(well founded rejoicing)
|
|
LEG I, LEG II, LEG III
|
Legio I,etc.
|
legion (with it’s number)
|
|
|
LIB
|
Liberalitas
|
liberality/generosity
|
Lib Aug (generosity
of augustus)
|
|
LIBERALIT
|
Liberalitas
|
liberality/generosity
|
Liberalit Aug (generosity
of augustus)
|
|
LIBERALITAS
|
Liberalitas
|
liberality/‘generosity
|
Liberalitas Aug (generosity
of augustus)
|
|
LIBERI
|
Liberi
|
liberality/‘generosity
|
Liberi
Imp Aug Vespas (generosity of imperator augustus vespasianus)
|
|
LIBERTAS
|
Libertas
|
liberty
|
|
|
LVCIFERA
|
Lucifera
|
bringer of light
|
Diana Lucifera (diana the bringer of light)
|
|
LVCINA
|
Lucina
|
light
|
Iuno Lucina (juno, goddess of light)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
M
|
Marcus / Manius
|
initial for a name such as Marcus. check to see if
it's preceded by P or PONT or PONTIF then see below
|
|
|
M
|
Maximus
|
‘the supreme’ (pontifex
maximus was the supreme priest of the state religion)
|
PM Pontifex Maximus
|
|
MAG
|
Magnus
|
great
|
Mag
Pius (great and pious)
|
|
MAM
|
Mamercus |
a name |
|
|
MARIQ
|
Mariq
|
sea
|
Pace PR Terra Mariq
Parta Ianvm Clvsit (peace for the roman people on land and sea, the doors
of janus are closed)
|
|
MARS
|
Mars
|
mars (the roman god
of war)
|
|
|
MARTI
|
Mars
|
mars (the roman god
of war)
|
Marti
Propugnatori (mars the defender)
|
|
MARTIALI
|
Martiali
|
the war-like
|
Iuno
Martiali (the war-like juno)
|
|
MAVRETANIA
|
Mauretania
|
a roman province
|
|
|
MAX
|
Maximus
|
greatest (as in PM and PONT
MAX see there but
also used by Constan-tine 1
|
|
|
MAXIM
|
Maximus
|
greatest (as
above)
|
|
|
MEMORIAE
|
Memoriae
|
remembrance
|
Aeternae Memoriae (Eternal
Memory)
|
|
MILI
|
Militum
|
soldiers
|
Concordia Militum (harmony of the soldiers (i.e. between soldiers
& emp.))
|
|
MILIARVM
|
Miliarium
|
a thousand
|
Miliarium Saeculum (commencement of the new era, or age ?)
|
|
MILITVM
|
Militum
|
soldiers
|
Concordia Militum (harmony of the soldiers (i.e. between soldiers
& emp.))
|
|
MILL
|
Mille
/ Milia
|
thousand
|
Reliqua Vetera H S Novies Mill Abolita
(nine times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts cancelled)
|
|
MILLIARVM |
Milliarum |
thousand |
Milliarum Saeculum (start of a new age) |
|
MINER
|
Minerva
|
minerva
|
|
|
MON
|
Moneta
|
money
|
Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
|
|
MONET
|
Moneta
|
money
|
Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
|
|
MONETA
|
Moneta
|
money
|
Moneta Aug (money
of the emperor)
|
|
MVLT
|
Multis
|
many
|
Votis x Multis x (I vow
to rule for ten years maybe ten more (as in "hoping to"))
|
|
MVNIFICENTIA
|
Munificentia
|
munificence, bountifulness
|
Munificentia Aug (munificence
of the emperor)
|
|
MVTVA
|
Mutua
|
mutual
|
Pieta Mutua
Augustii (the mutual piety of the two augusti)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
N
|
Nepos
|
grandson of
|
|
|
N
|
Nobilitas
|
noble (usually together with
(NC, NOB C, NOB CAES etc), caesar denoted a junior person, usually a son
or the heir apparent)
|
|
|
N
|
Noster
|
our
|
DN
(dominus noster, our lord)
|
|
N
|
Numerius |
a name |
|
|
NC
|
Noblissimus Caesar |
most noble
caesar
|
|
|
NEP
|
Nepos |
grandson/daughter, descendant
|
|
|
NF
|
Nobilissima Femina
|
nobilissima femina ((most)
noble woman)
|
|
|
NN
|
Noster
|
our (plural)
|
Augg NN (our emperors)
|
|
NOB
|
Nobilitas, Noblissimus
|
noble, most
highly regarded (usually together with
(NC, NOB C, NOB CAES etc), caesar denoted a junior person, usually a son
or the heir apparent)
|
Constantinus Iun Nob Caes (Constantine
the Younger (i.e.II) the most highly regarded Caesar)
|
|
NOBIL
|
Nobilitas, Noblissimus
|
noble, most
highly regarded (usually together with
(NC, NOB C, NOB CAES etc), caesar denoted a junior person, usually a son
or the heir apparent)
|
Valerianus
Nobil Caes
|
|
NOBL
|
Nobilitas, Noblissimus
|
noble, most
highly regarded (usually together with
(NC, NOB C, NOB CAES etc), caesar denoted a junior person, usually a son
or the heir apparent)
|
|
|
NOST
|
Noster
|
‘our’ as in DN (dominus
noster) ‘our lord’
|
DN (dominus noster, our lord)
|
|
NOSTRO
|
Nostro
|
our
|
Domino Nostro Caess (our lords, caesars)
|
|
NOVI
|
Novi
|
new
|
Gloria Novi Saeculi (the
glory of the new age)
|
|
NOVIES
|
Novies
|
nine times
|
Reliqua Vetera H S Novies Mill Abolita
(nine times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts cancelled)
|
|
NOVVM
|
Novum
|
new
|
Saeculum Novum (the new age)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
OB
|
Ob
|
on account of
|
Ex SC Ob Cives Servatos (senatorial
decree for having saved the lives of citizens)
|
|
OB
|
Obryzatus
|
to denote the coin was
made of pure gold
|
|
|
OPT
|
Optimo
/ Optimus
|
highest
|
Optimo Principi (highest ruler)
|
|
OPTIMO
|
Optimo
|
highest
|
Senatus Populusque Romanus
Optimo Principi (the senate and the people
of rome to the highest prince)
|
|
ORBIS
|
Orbis
|
(the) earth
|
|
|
ORIENS
|
Oriens
|
the rising sun
/ the east
|
Oriens Aug (rising sun (of the emperor))
|
|
ORIENTIS
|
Orientis
|
the orient
|
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
P
|
Perpetuus
|
perpetual
|
Cens P. (Censor Perpetuus
= lifelong censor) or P.F. (Perpetuus Felix = lifelong 'happy'ness)
This last term was used with emperor Valesn (364 ad) and later)
|
|
P
|
Pia
|
pious (female version)
|
PF (pious and successful)
|
|
P
|
Pius
|
pious
|
PF (pious and successful)
|
|
P
|
Publius |
a name |
|
|
PAC
|
Pacifero
|
peace bringer
|
Mars Pac (Mars, the peace bringer)
|
|
PM
|
Pontifex
|
greatest
priest. see PM
|
Pontifex
Maximus (Highest Priest)
|
|
PACATOR
|
Pacator
|
pacifier
|
Pacator
Orbis (pacifier of the world)
|
|
PACE
|
Pace
|
peace
|
Pace Pr Ubiq Porta Ianum
Clusit (peace for the roman people
everywhere, the doors of janus are closed (indicating peace))
|
|
PACI
|
Paci
|
peace
|
Paci Augustae (the peace of the emperor)
|
|
PACIF
|
Pacifero
|
the pacifier
|
Mars Pacif (Mars, the pacifier)
|
|
PACIFERO
|
Pacifero
|
the pacifier
|
Mars Pacifero (Mars, the pacifier)
|
|
PAR
|
Parthia
|
a roman province (at times)
: Parthia
|
|
|
PART
|
Particus
|
defeater of the partians (title awarded for a
victory)
|
|
|
PARTA
|
Porta
|
doors
|
Pace Pr Ubiq Porta Ianum
Clusit (peace for the roman people
everywhere, the doors of janus are closed (indicates peace))
|
|
PARTHIAE
|
Parthiae
|
a roman province (at times)
: Parthia
|
|
|
PATER
|
Pater
|
father
|
Pater Patriae (father of the country)
|
|
PATRIAE
|
Patriae
|
(of the/his) country
|
Pater Patriae (father of the country)
|
|
PAX
|
Pax
|
peace (a roman goddess. as in pax avgvst or augustan
peace as the augustus’s action could bring peace)
|
Pax Aeternae (eternal peace)
|
|
PER
|
Perpetuus
|
forever
(Valens 364 ad and later)
|
Cens Perp
Felix (Lifelong 'Happy'ness)
|
|
PERP
|
Perpetuus
|
forever (see CENS PERP, later was used in other
combinations)
|
Cens Perp (Censor for life)
|
|
PERPETVA
|
Perpetua
|
continuous, everlasting
|
Spes Perpetua
(everlasting hope)
|
|
PERPETUI
|
Perpetui
|
continuous, everlasting
|
Victoriae Laetae Princ(ipis) Perp(etui) (to the joyous victory of our leader forever)
|
|
PERPETVIT
|
Perpetuitate
|
continuity, permanence
|
Perpetuitate Aug
(continuity of the emperor)
|
|
PERPETVITA
|
Perpetuitate
|
continuity, permanence
|
Perpetuitate Aug
(continuity of the emperor)
|
|
PERPETVITATE
|
Perpetuitate
|
continuity, permanence
|
Perpetuitate Aug
(continuity of the emperor)
|
|
PERS
|
Persicus |
honorary
victory title of derived of Persis
|
|
|
PERSIS
|
Persis
|
persians
|
Pax Fundata Cum Peris
(well founded peace with the persians)
|
|
PF
|
Pius Felix
|
pius = pious; felix =
happy
|
PF (pious and
happy)
|
|
PFP
|
Pius Felix
Perpetuus
|
pius = pious; felix =
happy; perpetuus = perpetual
|
PF) (lifelong pious- and
happyness)
|
|
PIETAS
|
Pietas
|
piety
|
Pieta Mutua
Augustii (the mutual piety of the two augusti)
|
|
PII
|
Pii
|
piety
|
Bono Genio Pii Imperatoris (the
good and pious genius of the emperors)
|
|
PIVS
|
Pius
|
dutiful, pious (much together with F, PF = Pius
Felix)
|
PF (pious and successful)
|
|
PM
|
Pontifex Maximus
|
greatest priest (i.e. the supreme head of the roman
religion. Title often held by the (most senior) ruler. If there was more than one
ruler then the others were simply PONTIFEX. In disuse after the empire
became Christian)
|
|
|
PMS
|
Provincia Moesia Superior
|
a roman province ( moesia
superior)
|
|
|
PONT MAX
|
Pontifex Maximus
|
greatest priest (i.e. the supreme head of the roman
religion. Title often held by the (most senior) ruler. If there was more than one
ruler then the others were simply PONTIFEX. In disuse after the empire
became Christian)
|
|
|
PONT MAX
|
Pontifex Maximus
|
greatest priest (i.e. the supreme head of the roman
religion. Title often held by the (most senior) ruler. If there was more than one
ruler then the others were simply PONTIFEX. In disuse after the empire
became Christian)
|
|
|
PONTIFEX MAXIMVS
|
Pontifex Maximus
|
greatest priest (i.e. the supreme head of the roman
religion. Title often held by the (most senior) ruler. If there was more than one
ruler then the others were simply PONTIFEX. In disuse after the empire
became Christian)
|
|
|
POP
|
Populi
|
people
|
Genio Populi Roman (the genius of the roman people)
|
|
POPVL
|
Populus
|
the people
|
Popul Iussu (by order of the people)
|
|
POPVLI
|
Populi
|
people
|
Genio Populi Roman (the genius of the roman people)
|
|
POT
|
Potestas
|
power
(usually appears in reference to the emperor having tribunician or censorial power)
|
|
|
POTESTAS
|
Potestas
|
power
(usually appears in reference to the emperor having tribunician or censorial power)
|
|
|
PP
|
Pater Patriae
|
father of his country
|
|
|
PP
|
Perpetuus
|
perpetual
(after Domitian)
|
|
|
PR
|
Princeps
|
prince (?)
|
|
|
PR
|
Populus Romanus
|
of / for / to the roman
people
|
|
|
PRIMI
|
Primi
|
(of the) first
|
Primi
Decennales (the
first ten years)
|
|
PRIMO
|
Primo
|
first
|
Roma
Aeter An Mill et Primo (thousand and first year of eternal Rome)
|
|
PRINC
|
Principes
|
‘first among’
|
Princeps Iuventutis (prince
of the youth)
|
|
PRINCIPI
|
Principi
|
leader, first man
|
Senatus Populusque Romanus
Optimo Principi (the senate and the people
of rome to the highest prince)
|
|
PRINCIPIS
|
Principis
|
leader, first man
|
Victoriae Laetae Princ(ipis) Perp(etui) (to the joyous victory of our leader forever)
|
|
PRO
|
pro
(?)
|
for
|
Iovi Vot Svsc Pro Sal Caes
Avg SPQR (vows to jupiter by the senate and the roman people
for the restoration of the health of the emperor)
|
|
PROFECTIO
|
Profectio
|
departure
|
Profectio Augustae (on
the departure of the emperor (for a
visit or expedition))
|
|
PRON
|
Pronepos
|
‘great grandson’
|
|
|
PROPVGN
|
Propugnatori
|
(the) defender
|
Marti
Propugnatori (Mars the defender)
|
|
PROPVGNATORI
|
Propugnatori
|
(the) defender
|
Iovi Progugnatori (Jupiter the defender)
|
|
PROPVGT
|
Propugnatori
|
(the)
defender
|
Iovi Progugnatori (Jupiter the defender)
|
|
PROV
|
Providentia
|
foresight, providence
|
Providentia Deorum
(foresight of the gods OR may the Gods provide for ...(our auggie))
|
|
PROVID
|
Providentia
|
foresight, providence
|
Providentia Deorum
(foresight of the gods OR may the Gods provide for ...(our auggie))
|
|
PROVIDENTIA
|
Providentia
|
foresight of, providence of
|
Providentia Deorum
(foresight of the gods OR may the Gods provide for ...(our auggie))
|
|
PROVIDENTIAE
|
Providentiae
|
foresight of, providence of
|
Providentiae Augg
(foresight of our emp's)
|
|
PT
|
Pater
|
father
|
PT Augg
(father of the augusti)
|
|
PVB
|
Publica
|
public
|
Vota Publica
(Public Vows)
|
|
PVBLICA
|
Publica
|
public
|
Vota Publica
(Public Vows)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
Q
|
Que
|
land
|
Victoriae Dominorum Augustorum Que Nostrum
(victories of our lords and emperors)
|
|
Q
|
Quintus |
a name |
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
RECTOR
|
Rector
|
master (of)
|
Rector Orbis
(master of the world
)
|
|
RED
|
Redux
|
restored, brought back
|
Fortuna
Red (fortunate return (of the emp.))
|
|
REDVCI
|
Reduci
|
return
|
Fortunae Reduci Augg NN (fortunate return of our emperors)
|
|
REDVX
|
Redux
|
restored, brought back
|
|
|
REGI
|
Regi
|
king
(of)
|
Regi
Artis (king of the arts)
|
|
REGINA
|
Regina
|
(the) queen
|
Iuno
Regina (juno the queen)
|
|
REIPVB
|
Rei Publicae
|
state
('public business' litt.)
|
Reparatio Reipvblicae (the state is
rebuild)
|
|
REIPVBLICAE
|
Rei Publicae
|
state
('public business' litt.)
|
Secvritas Reipvblicae (the
state is secure)
|
|
RELIG
|
Religio
|
religious scruple
|
|
|
RELIQVA
|
Reliqua
|
remaining,
the balance
|
Reliqua Vetera H S
Novies Mill Abolita (nine times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts
cancelled)
|
|
RENASC
|
Renascens
|
to be born again
|
Roma Renasc
(rome reborn)
|
|
RENASCES
|
Renascens
|
to be born again
|
Roma Renasces
(rome reborn)
|
|
RENASCENS
|
Renascens
|
to be born again
|
Roma Renascens
(rome reborn)
|
|
REPARATIO
|
Reparatio
|
restorer / repairer
|
Fel Temp Reparatio (happy times are restored)
|
|
RESTITVT
|
Restituta / or
|
restorer / rebuilder
|
Restitutor Galliae (restorer/rebuilder of gallia)
|
|
RESTITVTA
|
Restituta
|
restored / rebuild
|
Libertas Restituta (liberty
restored)
|
|
RESTITVTOR
|
Restitutor
|
restorer / rebuilder
(as for the province of ‘achaea / africae / bythiniae / galliae /
hispaniae / orbis terrarum’)
|
Restitutor Galliae (restorer/rebuilder of gallia)
|
|
RESTITVTORI
|
Restitutori
|
restorer / rebuilder
|
|
|
RESVRGES
|
Resurges
|
rises up again
|
Roma Resurges (rome rises up again)
|
|
ROM
|
Romani
|
roman
|
Genio Populi Roman (the genius of the roman people)
|
|
ROMA
|
Roma
|
rome
|
Urbs Roma Felix
(the happy city, rome)
|
|
ROMAE
|
Romae
|
eternal rome
|
Romae Aeternae (eternal rome)
|
|
ROMANA
|
Romana
|
roman
|
Pietas Romana(roman piety)
|
|
ROMANI
|
Romani
|
roman
|
Genio Populi Roman (the genius of the roman people)
|
|
ROMANORVM
|
Romanorum
|
rome (of the romans)
|
Gloria Romanorum (glory of rome / the romans)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
SAC
|
Sacra
|
sacred
|
Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
|
|
SACERDOS
|
Sacerdos
|
priest
|
Summus Sacerdos Augustus (highest priest augustus)
|
|
SACRA
|
Sacra
|
sacred
|
Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
|
|
SAECVLI
|
Saeculi
|
age / time
|
Gloria Novi Saeculi (the
glory of the new age)
|
|
SAECVLO
|
Saeculo
|
age
|
Saeculo Frugfero
(the fruitful age)
|
|
SAECVLVM
|
Saeculum
|
era, or age
|
Miliarum
Saeculum (start of the new era/age)
|
|
SAL
|
Salus
|
health, prosperity
|
Iovi Vot Svsc Pro Sal Caes
Avg SPQR (vows to jupiter by the senate and the roman people
for the restoration of the health of the emperor)
|
|
SALLVTARI
|
Salutari
|
advantageous, helopful, beneficial
|
Apollo Salutari (apollo
the beneficial)
|
|
SALVS
|
Salus
|
good health or well being,
goddess
|
Salus Generis Humani
(wellfare of all mankind)
|
|
SANCT
|
Sancto
|
holy
|
Apolloni Sanct
(holy apollo)
|
|
SANCTO
|
Sancto
|
holy
|
Apolloni Sancto (holy
apollo)
|
|
SARM
|
Sarmanticus |
honorary victory title derived of sarmantia |
|
|
SARMATIA
|
Sarmatia
|
sarmatia (at
times roman territory)
|
Sarmatia Devicta
(sarmatia defeated/conquered)
|
|
SC
|
Senatus Consulto
|
issued with consent of the
senate / by decree of the senate (coins with sc were issued by the senate
which had lost it’s right to mint gold and silver under the empire
augustus left them the right to issue bronze)
|
|
|
SECVLI
|
Seculi
|
age (if secular games : these were celebrated at an
interval of about 100 years (an age))
|
Seculi Felicitas (happy age. refers also to the secular games)
|
|
SECVRIT
|
Securitas
|
security, godess
|
Securit
Perpetua (eternal security)
|
|
SECVRITAS
|
Securitas
|
security, godess
|
|
|
SENATVS
|
Genius Senatus
|
genius of the senate
|
Genius Senatus (genius of the senate)
|
|
SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS
|
Senatus Populusque Romanus
|
the senate and the people of
Rome
|
|
|
SER
|
Servius |
a name |
|
|
SERAPI
|
|
serapis
(a roman god)
|
Serapi Comiti Avg (serapis, companion and god of the emperor)
|
|
SERVATOS
|
Servatos
|
watchin over, keeping,
saving
|
Ex SC Ob Cives Servatos (senatorial
decree for having saved the lives of citizens)
|
|
SEX
|
Sextus |
a name |
|
|
SIGNO
|
Signo
|
sign
|
Hoc Signo Victor Eris (by this sign shalt conquer)
|
|
SM
|
Sacra Moneta
|
sacred money (imperial
money)
|
|
|
SOL
|
Sol
|
sun
|
Sol
Invicto Comiti (the unconquerable sun, our companion)
|
|
SOLI
|
Soli
|
sun
|
Sanct Deo Soli Elagabal (holy sun-god elagabalus)
|
|
SPES
|
Spes
|
hope
|
Spes Perpetua
(eternal hope)
|
|
SPQR
|
Senatus Populusque Romanus
|
‘the senate and the people
of rome’, usually used in reference to a votive or donative
|
|
|
STATORI
|
Statori
|
the stabilizer
|
Iovi Statori (Jupiter the stabilizer)
|
|
SVAE
|
Suae
|
his
|
Conserv
Urb Suae (conserver of his city (rome))
|
|
SVMMVS
|
Summus
|
highest
|
Svmmvs Sacerdos Avg (aug., the highest priest)
|
|
SVSC
|
Suscipio (?)
|
undertake,
take upon oneself
|
Iovi Vot Svsc Pro Sal Caes
Avg SPQR (vows to jupiter by the senate and the roman people
for the restoration of the health of the emperor)
|
|
SVSC
|
Suscepta
|
sacrificial vows
|
Vota Suscepta (sacrificial vows)
|
|
SVSCPTA
|
Suscepta
|
sacrificial vows
|
Vota Suscepta (sacrificial vows)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
T
|
Titus |
a name |
|
|
T P
|
Tribunicia Potestas
|
tribune of the plebs (tribunician power, frequently
followed by a numeral to denote term, refers to the right to convene an
assembly of the plebs also gave the power to veto the senate. it made the
emperor civil head of the state. annually renewable, originally at the 10th of december,
later (around septimus severus) at the 1st of january))
|
TP XVII
(tribune of the plebs for the 17th time)
|
|
TEMP
|
Temporum
|
time
|
Fel Temp Reparatio (happy times are restored)
|
|
TEMPOR
|
Tempor
|
times
|
Tempor Felix (the happy times)
|
|
TERRA
|
Terra
|
Earth
|
Pace PR
Terra Mariq Parta Ianvm Clvsit (peace for the roman people on land and
sea, the doors of janus are closed (indicting peace))
|
|
TERRARVM |
Terrarum |
land, country, region |
Orbis Terrarum (the whole earth,
sphere, the encircled earth) |
|
TI
|
Tiberius |
a name |
|
|
TIB
|
Tiberius |
a name |
|
|
TIBERIS
|
Tiberis
|
the tiber (a personification)
|
|
|
TITI
|
Titi
|
Julia Titi, the daughter of
Titus, mistress of Domitian
|
Iulia Titi
|
|
TR P
|
Tribunicia Potestas
|
tribune of the plebs (tribunician power, frequently
followed by a numeral to denote term, refers to the right to convene an
assembly of the plebs also gave the power to veto the senate. it made the
emperor civil head of the state. annually renewable, originally at the 10th of december,
later (around septimus severus) at the 1st of january))
|
TRP XVII
(tribune of the plebs for the 17th time)
|
|
TRANQVILLITAS
|
Tranquillitas
|
tranquility / peace (of the
state)
|
Beata Tranquillitas (blessed
tranquility)
|
|
TRIB POT
|
Tribunicia Potestas
|
tribune of the plebs (tribunician power, frequently
followed by a numeral to denote term, refers to the right to convene an
assembly of the plebs also gave the power to veto the senate. it made the
emperor civil head of the state. annually renewable, originally at the 10th of december,
later (around septimus severus) at the 1st of january))
|
Trib Pot XVII
(tribune of the plebs for the 17th time)
|
|
TRIBVN POT
|
Tribunicia Potestas
|
tribune of the plebs (tribunician power, frequently
followed by a numeral to denote term, refers to the right to convene an
assembly of the plebs also gave the power to veto the senate. it made the
emperor civil head of the state. annually renewable, originally at the 10th of december,
later (around septimus severus) at the 1st of january))
|
Tribun
Pot XVII (tribune of the plebs for the 17th time)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
VBERTAS
|
Ubertas
|
fertility
|
|
|
VBIQ
|
Ubique
|
everywhere
|
Pace Pr Ubiq Porta Ianum
Clusit (peace for the roman people everywhere, the doors of janus are
closed (indicating peace))
|
|
VLTOR
|
Ultor
|
the avenger
/ revenger
|
Mars Ultor (mars, the avenger)
|
|
VLTORI
|
Ultori
|
the avenger
/ revenger
|
Marti Ultori (mars, the avenger)
|
|
VNDIQVE
|
Undique
|
everywhere
|
Undique Victores
(victory everywhere)
|
|
VRB
|
Urbis
|
city (of rome)
|
Sacra Moneta Urbis Augustii et Caess (sacred money of rome, our emperors and our caesars)
|
|
VRB
|
Urbis
|
city (of rome)
|
Conserv Urb Suae
(conserver of his city (rome))
|
|
VRBS
|
Urbs
|
city (of rome)
|
Urbs Roma Felix
(the happy city, rome)
|
Return To Top
|
Abbreviation
|
In Full
|
Explain !
|
As In
|
|
VC
|
Vir Clarissimus
|
most illustrious ruler
|
|
|
VENERI
|
Veneri
|
venus
|
Venus Victrici
(venus, the victress)
|
|
VENT
|
Venturi
|
coming, arrival of the
emperor or emperors
|
Vent
Aug (arrival of the
emperor)
|
|
VENVS
|
Venus
|
goddess of love, a number of
emperors claim decendancy from her. Chiefly the julio-claudians
|
|
|
VESTA
|
Vesta
|
goddess of the hearth (a priestess of hers is called
a vestal virgin)
|
|
|
VETERA
|
Vetera
|
long established, old
|
Reliqua Vetera H S Novies Mill Abolita (nine
times a hundred thousand sestertii of outstanding debts cancelled)
|
|
VICTOR
|
Victor
|
conqueror, victor
|
Mars Victor
(Mars, the conqueror / victor);
Hoc
Signo Victor Eris (by this sign shalt win)
|
|
VICTORES
|
Victores
|
victory
|
Undique Victores
(victory everywhere)
|
|
VICTORI
|
Victori
|
the victor
|
Erculi Victori (hercules the victor)
|
|
VICTORIA
|
Victoria
|
victory (goddess, a
popular deity she typically appears on coins celebrating that ‘we have
won’)
|
Victoria Aeterna Avg N (eternal victory for our emperor)
|
|
VICTORIAE
|
Victoria
|
victory (goddess, a
popular deity she typically appears on coins celebrating that ‘we have
won’)
|
Victoriae Aeterna Avgg NN (eternal
victory for our emperors)
|
|
VICTRICI
|
Victrici
|
victress
|
Veneri Victrici
(venus, the victress)
|
|
VICTRICIBVS
|
Victricibus
|
victorious
|
Fatis Victricibus (the
victorious fates)
|
|
VIRTVS
|
Virtus
|
bravery / courage
/ virtue
|
Virtus
Romanorum (virtue of the romans)
|
|
VIRTVTI
|
Virtuti
|
bravery / courage
/ virtue
|
|
|
VNMR
|
Venerabilis Memoria
|
revered memory (on
consecration coins of Constantine 1)
|
|
|
VOT
|
Votu
|
vow(s)
|
Iovi Vot Svsc Pro Sal Caes
Avg SPQR (vows to jupiter by the senate and the roman people
for the restoration of the health of the emperor)
|
|
VOT
|
Vota
|
vows (followed by a
numeral, refers to the emperor’s pledges for faithful service for a
period of years sometimes the vows of an earlier period were renewed as in
'vot x et xx' or 'vot x mvlt xx')
|
Vot X Mult X
(I vow to rule for ten years maybe ten more (as in "hoping to"));
Vot X Mult XX
(I vow to rule for ten years maybe twenty more (as in "hoping to"))
|
|
VOTA
|
Vota
|
vows
|
|
|
VOTIS
|
Votis
|
vows
|
Votis Decennalibus (vows of the 10th year)
|
|
VVLCANO
|
Vulcano
|
vulcan (a god)
|
Deo Vulcano
(the god vulcan)
|
Return To Top
|
