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Rulers of Rome (27 bc - 491 ad), Alphabetical
(from Augustus until the fall of the West Roman Empire)
 

This list attempts to give all full names of the Emperors, Caesars and the Usurpers  (though it is not aways clear where the usurper stops and the emperor begins). Only those persons have been mentioned of which a full name (or attempt at full name) could be found.

Used abbreviations : a = augustus, c = caesar, d = deified, e = eastern empire, f = imperial friend / family, g =gallic empire, r = rex, u = usurper, wi = wife of the above emperor, w=western empire.


A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

L 

M 

N 

O 

P 

Q 

R 

S 

T 

U 

V 

Z 


Popular Name Period Full Name
Aelius 136-138 C

Lucius Ceionius Commodus

upon adoption Lucius Aelius Caesar

Aemilianus 252-253 A Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus
Alexander 308-311 UW L. Domitius Alexander
Anthemius 467-472 AW Procopius Anthemius (puppet emperor of Ricimer)
Antoninus Pius (D) 138-161 A Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus
later as : Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus

Arcadius 383-408 AE Flavius Arcadius (son of Theodosius I Magnus)
Augustus (D) 27bc-14 A Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus
Aurelianus (D) 270-275 A Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Aurelius, Marcus (D) 161-180 A

Marcus Annius Verus

upon adoption (by Antoninus P.) Marcus Aurelius Verus

upon accession Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

Avitus 455-456 AW Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus

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Balbinus 238 A Decimus Caelius Balbinus

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Caligula 37-41 A Gaius Caesar Germanicus
Caracalla 198-217 A Lucius Septimius Bassianus later Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Carausius 287-293 U Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius
Carinus (D) 283-285 A Marcus Aurelius Carinus (son of Carus)
Carus 282-283 A Marcus Aurelius Carus
Claudius (D) 41-54 A Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus
Claudius II Gothicus (D) 268-270 A Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius
Clodius Albinus 195-197 A Decimus Clodius Ceionius Septimius Albinus
Commodus (D) 177-192 A Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus later
Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus
Constans 337-350 AW Flavius Julius Constans
Constantinus I Magnus 309-337 A Flavius Valerius Constantinus (son of Constantius I Chlorus)
Constantinus II 337-340 AW Flavius Claudius Constantinus (son of C. I Magnus)
Constantinus III 407-411 UW Constantinus (usurper in Britain)
Constantius I Chlorus 305-306 CW Flavius Valerius Constantius I Chlorus (father of C. I Magnus)
Constantius II 337-361 AE Flavius Julius Constantius (son of C. Magnus)
Constantius III 421 AW Flavius Constantius
Constantius Gallus 351-354 CE Flavius Claudius Gallus 
later Flavius Claudius Constantius (grandson of C I Chlorus)
Crispus 317-326 C Flavius Julius Crispus (son of C. Magnus)

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Decentius 351-353 CW Magnus Decentius (brother to Magnentius)
Delmatius 335-337 C Flavius Julius Delmatius (grandson of C. I Chlorus )
Diadumemianus 217-218 A Marcus Opelius Antoninus Diadumenianus (son of Macrinus)
Didius Julianus 193 A Marcus Didius Julianus
Diocletianus 284-305 AE Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
Domitianus (D) 81-96 A Titus Flavius Domitianus
Domitianus II 270/271 GU  
Domitius Domitianus 296-297 UE Lucius Domitius Domitianus

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Elagabalus 218-222 A Varius Avitus Bassianus
later known as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Eugenius 392-394 AW Flavius Eugenius

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Flavius Victor 387-388 UW Flavius Victor (son of Magnus Maximus) 
Florianus 276 A Marcus Annius Florianus (half brother of Tacitus)

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Galba 69 A Servius Sulpicius Galba
Galerius 305-311 AE Galerius Valerius Maximianus
Gallienus 260-268 A Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (son of Valerian I)
Geta 209-212 A Publius Lucius Septimius Geta
Glycerius 473-474 AW Flavius Glycerius (puppet emperor of Gundobad)
Gordianus I 238 A Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus
Gordianus II 238 A Marcus Antoninus Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus (son of Gordian I)
Gordianus III (D) 238-244 A Marcus Antoninus Gordianus (grandson of G I, nephew of G II)
Gratianus 367-383 AW Flavius Gratianus (son of Valentinianus I)

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Hadrianus (D) 117-138 A Publius Aelius Hadrianus
Hanniballianus 335-337 RE Flavius Claudius Hanniballianus (grandson of C I Chlorus)
Herennius Etruscus (D) 251 A Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius (son of Trajan Decius)
Honorius 393-423 AW Flavius Honorius (son of Theodosius I Magnus) 
Hostilianus 251 A Caius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus (son of Trajan Decius)

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Jotapianus 248 A Marcus Fulvius Rufus Jotapianus
Jovianus 363-364 A Flavius Claudius Jovianus 
Jovinus 411-413 UW Jovinus (brother of Sebastianus, Gaul)
Julianus I Pannonicus 284-285 U Marcus Aurelius Julianus
Julianus II Apostata 360-363 A Flavius Claudius Julianus

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Laelianus 268 GU Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus
Licinius I 308-324 AE Valerius Licinianus Licinius
Licinius II 317-324 CE Valerius Licinianus Licinius II (son of Licinius I)

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Macrianus 260-261 A Fulvius Junius Macrianus
Macrinus 217-218 A Marcus Opelius Severus Macrinus
Magnentius 350-353 UW Flavius Magnus Magnentius (in Gaul)
Magnus Maximus 383-388 UW Magnus Clemens Maximus (Usurper in Britain)
Majoranus 457-461 AW Julianus Majorianus (puppet emperor of Ricimer)
Martinianus 324 AE Marcus Martinianus
Maxentius 306-312 AW Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (son of Maximianus)
Maximianus Herculis 286-305
306-308
AW Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus

Maximinus I Thrax 235-238 A Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus
Maximinus II Daia 309-311 AE Galerius Valerius Maximinus (nephew of Galerius)
Maximus 235-238 C Gaius Julius Verus Maximus (son of Maximinus I Thrax)
Maximus 409-411 UW Maximus (in Spain)

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Nepotianus 350 AW Flavius Poplius Nepotianus Constantinus
Nero 54-68 A

Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus

upon adoption Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus

Nerva (D) 96-98 A Marcus Cocceius Nerva
Numerianus (D) 283-284 A Marcus Aurelius Numerianus (son of Carus)

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Olybrius 472 AW Anicius Olybrius (puppet emperor of Ricimer)
Otho 69 A Marcus Salvius Otho

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Pacatianus 248 A Tiberius Claudius Marinus Pacatianus
Pertinax 193 A Publius Helvius Pertinax
Pertinax (D) 193 C Publius Helvius Pertinax (son)
Pescennius Niger 193-194 A Caius Pescennius Niger
Petronius Maximus 455 AW Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus
Philippus I Arabs (D) 244-249 A Marcus Julius Phillippus
Philippus II 247-249 A Marcus Julius Phillippus (son of Philippus I Arabs)
Postumus 259-268 GA Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus
Probus (D) 276-282 A Marcus Aurelius Probus
Procopius 365-366 UE Procopius (relative of Julian II)
Pupienus 238 A Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus

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Quietus 260-261 A Fulvius Julius Quietus (brother of Macrianus)
Quintillus 270 A Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus (brother of Claudius II)

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Regalianus 260-261 A Publius Caius Regalianus
Romulus Augustu'lu's 475-476 AW Romulus Augustulus

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Saloninus 259 A Publicus Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus (son of Gallienus)
Saturninus 280 U Sextus Julius Saturninus
Sebastianus 412-413 UW Sebastianus (brother of Jovinus, Gaul)
Septimius Severus (D) 193-211 A Lucius Septimius Severus
after 193 ad : Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax
Severus Alexander 222-235 A Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander
Severus II 306-307 AW Falvius Valerius Severus
Severus III 461-465 AW Libius Severus (puppet emperor of Ricimer)
Silbannacus 248 U Silbannacus

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Tacitus 275-276 A Marcus Claudius Tacitus
Tetricus I 270-273 GA Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus
Tetricus II 270-273 GC Caius Pius Esuvius Tetricus II (son of Tetricus I)
Theodosius I Magnus 379-395 AE Flavius Theodosius
Theodosius II 402-450 AE Flavius Theodosius
Tiberius 14-37 A Tiberius Claudius Nero
Titus (D) 79-81 A Titus Flavius Vespasianus (identical as Vespasian's)
Trajanus (D) 98-117 A Marcus Ulpius Trajanus
as augustus : Marcus Ulpius Nerva Trajanus
Trajanus Decius (D) 249-251 A Caius Messius Quintus Decius
as augustus : Caius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius
Trebonianus Gallus 251-253 A Caius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus

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Uranius Antoninus 252-254 U Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Uranius Antoninus

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Vabalathus 271-272 U Vabalathus (son of Zenobia)
Valens 314 AE Aurelius Valerius Valens (co-emperor with Licinius I)
Valens 364-378 AE Flavius Valens (brother of Valentinian I)
Valentinianus I 364-375 AW Flavius Valentinianus
Valentinianus II 375-392 AW Flavius Valentinianus (son of Valentinianus I)
Valentinianus III 425-455 AW Placidius Valentinianus (son of Constantius III)
Valerianus I 253-260 A Pubius Licinius Valerianus
Valerianus II 253-255 C Publius Licinius Cornelius (son of Galerian)
Verus, Lucius (D) 161-169 A

Lucius Ceionius Commodus,

upon adoption (by Antoninus P.) Lucius Aurelius Commodus

when Marcus Aurelius became augustus : Lucius Aurelius Verus

Vespasianus (D) 69-79 A Titus Flavius Vespasianus (identical as Titus')
Vetranio 350 A Vetranio (temporary co-emperor)
Victorinus 268-270 GA Marcus Piavonius Victorinus
Vitellius 69 A Aulus Vitellius
Volusian 251-253 A Caius Vibius Afinius Gallus Veudumnianus Volusianus

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Zeno 474-491 AE Tarasicodissa later Zeno
Zenobia 267-271 U Septimia Zenobia (queen of Palmyra)
 
Not mentioned here but also deified were : Julius Caesar, Augustus' wife Livia, Claudius' son Brittanicus,  Julia (Titus' daughter),  Domitilla (Domitian's daughter) and the unnamed infant son of Domitian.

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